MHiP – The impact of shift work on mental health

Shift work is a fundamental aspect of many port operations in the UK, where around-the-clock activity is essential to keep goods moving and economies connected. However, the demands of shift work — especially overnight and irregular hours — can take a significant toll on the mental health of port workers. Sleep disruption, isolation, and changes to personal schedules are just a few challenges that can lead to issues such as fatigue, anxiety, and burnout. Recognising the impact of shift work on mental health is crucial for creating a supportive environment where port workers can thrive despite the challenges of non-traditional hours. 

The risk of depressive symptoms was 33% higher in shift workers than in non–shift workers.

Source: Shift Work and Poor Mental Health: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies

Understanding the unique challenges of shift work 

In UK ports, shift work is driven by the need to meet high-demand schedules, accommodate international timelines, and maintain a continuous flow of operations. However, this often means that workers face irregular hours, long shifts, and frequently changing schedules, which can lead to a variety of mental health concerns: 

Disrupted sleep patterns 

One of the most immediate effects of shift work is the disruption of natural sleep cycles. Working nights or alternating shifts can interfere with circadian rhythms, making it harder for workers to fall asleep, stay asleep, or feel well-rested. Chronic sleep deprivation can lead to a host of mental health issues, including anxiety, irritability, and decreased cognitive function, which may also impact safety on the job and travelling to and from work. 

Poor sleep can affect your physical and mental health. Not getting enough ‘good quality sleep’ can sap your energy levels, lower your mood and reduce your concentration. It can also negatively impact your relationships, immune system, work, and social life.

Sleep and mental health – Mental Health UK 

Social isolation and work-life balance 

Shift work can make it challenging for workers to spend time with family and friends, attend social events, or maintain a sense of normalcy in their personal lives. This lack of social connection can lead to feelings of isolation, which can negatively impact mental health. Furthermore, the imbalance between work and personal life can contribute to stress, anxiety, and a sense of being disconnected from one’s support network. 

Social isolation is closely linked to both anxiety and depression. Changes in appearance and behaviour such as sense of withdrawal and hopelessness, as well as poor decision-making and work output can be signs.

Social isolation and mental health

Increased risk of burnout 

The mental and physical demands of shift work can lead to burnout, particularly if rest and recovery time are insufficient. Workers may feel perpetually fatigued or overwhelmed, making it difficult to manage stress and maintain a positive outlook. Over time, this can lead to exhaustion, reduced productivity, and a decline in job satisfaction. 

Shift work can increase the risk of mental health problems like anxiety, depression, and burnout. Look out for persistent sadness, irritability, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and withdrawal from social activities

Mental Health Foundation

By addressing these challenges, ports can provide workers with support tailored to the specific demands of their roles. Focusing on mental health and well-being can improve morale, safety, and productivity for all employees involved in non-traditional work hours. 

Below you will find links to the research mentioned in this article. In the next article, we’ll look at some ways to build resilience and better mental health at work. Continue the conversation on our LinkedIn page and use the tag MHiP2025.